{"id":6271,"date":"2026-01-25T20:08:44","date_gmt":"2026-01-25T12:08:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tao0.date\/?p=6271"},"modified":"2026-01-25T20:09:43","modified_gmt":"2026-01-25T12:09:43","slug":"guangjiezuoyongphotolysis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tao0.date\/?p=6271","title":{"rendered":"\u5149\u89e3\u4f5c\u7528photolysis"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u5149\u89e3\u4f5c\u7528<\/a>
\n\u7ed3\u8bba
\n\u5149\u89e3\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5149\u654f\u6709\u8272\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5468\u8f6c\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5728\u6c34\u751f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u5bf9\u6709\u5bb3\u7684UV-A\u548cUV-B\u8f90\u5c04\u7684\u7a7f\u900f\u6df1\u5ea6\u6709\u91cd\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u5f71\u54cd\u5149\u5408\u6709\u6548\u8f90\u5c04\u7684\u7a7f\u900f\u6df1\u5ea6\uff0c\u5e76\u63a7\u5236\u6d6e\u6e38\u521d\u7ea7\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u7684\u5782\u76f4\u5206\u5e03\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7531\u4e8e\u5149\u654f\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff08\u95f4\u63a5\u5149\u89e3\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u5438\u6536\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\u4e5f\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u5149\u89e3\u964d\u89e3\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u964d\u89e3\u4eba\u4e3a\u548c\u5929\u7136\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u5916\u6e90\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u77f3\u6cb9\u6cc4\u6f0f\u548c\u5fae\u56ca\u85fb\u6bd2\u7d20\u7b49\u85fb\u7c7b\u6bd2\u7d20\uff09\u5c24\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5149\u89e3\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f7f\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5b8c\u5168\u77ff\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4f1a\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e9b\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4ea7\u7269\u662f\u5f02\u517b\u7ec6\u83cc\u7684\u5e95\u7269\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5149\u89e3\u5fc5\u987b\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u88c2\u89e3\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6eb6\u89e3\u6027\u6709\u673a\u7269\u7684\u5149\u89e3\u5728\u5168\u7403\u78b3\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u7740\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u53c2\u4e0e\u78f7\u3001\u6c2e\u7b49\u8425\u517b\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u548c\u91ca\u653e\u3002\u8150\u6b96\u8d28\u7684\u5149\u89e3\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\u6709\u673a\u7269\u7684\u7edc\u5408\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u8282\u91cd\u91d1\u5c5e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u6bd2\u6027\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6c34\u751f\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u8150\u6b96\u8d28\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6d3b\u6027\u6c27\uff08ROS\uff09\u91cf\u5b50\u4ea7\u7387\u4f4e\u3001\u5bff\u547d\u77ed\uff0c\u5176\u5bf9\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u4e0d\u5229\u5f71\u54cd\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u4e0a\u5c42\u5149\u5408\u4f5c\u7528\u5c42\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u9644\u8fd1\u533a\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599
\n\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u4e66<\/p>\n

\u836f\u54c1\u548c\u6297\u751f\u7d20\u5e9f\u5f03\u7269\u5bf9\u6cb3\u6d41\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff1a\u65e5\u76ca\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u5a01\u80c1
\n2.6.7 \u5149\u89e3
\n\u5149\u89e3\u662f\u6307\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u5149\u6216\u4eba\u5de5\u5149\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\uff0c\u5316\u5b66\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u53d1\u751f\u5206\u89e3\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5149\u89e3\u5206\u4e3a\u76f4\u63a5\u5149\u89e3\u548c\u95f4\u63a5\u5149\u89e3\u3002\u5728\u76f4\u63a5\u5149\u89e3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5438\u6536\u7d2b\u5916\u7ebf\uff1b\u800c\u5728\u95f4\u63a5\u5149\u89e3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6c27\u81ea\u7531\u57fa\u3001\u7f9f\u57fa\u81ea\u7531\u57fa\u6216\u8fc7\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u81ea\u7531\u57fa\u7b49\u5149\u654f\u5242\u5206\u89e3\u5149\u80fd\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5bf9\u5149\u654f\u611f\uff0c\u5219\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u53bb\u9664\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5149\u6563\u5c04\u3002\u5149\u89e3\u6cd5\u5728\u6c34\u4f53\u4e2d\u5e94\u7528\u5e7f\u6cdb\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5730\u8868\u6c34\u6216\u5e9f\u6c34\u5904\u7406\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u91cd\u8981\u53bb\u9664\u624b\u6bb5\uff08Boreen\u7b49\uff0c2004\uff09\u3002\u5149\u7167\u5f3a\u5ea6\u548c\u9891\u7387\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5149\u5316\u5b66\u5206\u89e3\u7684\u901f\u7387\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6cb3\u6d41\u6216\u6e56\u6cca\u8868\u9762\u88ab\u6811\u836b\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u56e0\u7d20\u906e\u853d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u571f\u58e4\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\uff0c\u5219\u5149\u89e3\u4f5c\u7528\u65e0\u6cd5\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u591a\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u8c03\u67e5\u4e86\u56db\u73af\u7d20\uff08\u4e00\u7c7b\u5bf9\u5149\u975e\u5e38\u654f\u611f\u7684\u6297\u751f\u7d20\uff09\u7684\u5149\u89e3\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u5176\u53bb\u9664\u7387\u7ea6\u4e3a80%\uff0c\u800c\u603b\u6709\u673a\u78b3\u7684\u53bb\u9664\u7387\u7ea6\u4e3a14%\uff0c\u8fd9\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4e2d\u95f4\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u751f\u6210\u3002\u5904\u7406\u540e\u7684\u5e9f\u6c34\u6bd2\u6027\u9ad8\u4e8e\u539f\u5e9f\u6c34\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6297\u751f\u7d20\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6c34\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4e0d\u540c\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u5149\u89e3\u548c\u95f4\u63a5\u5149\u89e3\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5404\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\uff08Trovo\u7b49\uff0c2009\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e66
\n\u6cb3\u6d41\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u751f\u6001\u610f\u4e49
\n2022\u5e74\uff0c\u6cb3\u6d41\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u751f\u6001\u610f\u4e49
\n\u666e\u62c9\u6cf0\u514b\u00b7
\n\u590f\u5c14\u9a6c
\n(Prateek Sharma) \u2026\u2026
\n\u963f\u4f26\u00b7\u62c9\u5c14
\n\u00b7\u65af\u91cc\u74e6\u65af\u5854\u592b
\n\u7ae0<\/p>\n

\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u8f6c\u5316
\n2.6 \u5149\u89e3\u53cd\u5e94
\n\u5149\u89e3\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5316\u5b66\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5176\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u5149\u80fd\uff08\u76f4\u63a5\u5149\u89e3\uff09\u6216\u8f90\u5c04\u80fd\uff08\u95f4\u63a5\u5149\u89e3\uff09\u4f20\u9012\u5230\u5316\u5b66\u952e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5316\u5b66\u952e\u65ad\u88c2\u3002\u5149\u89e3\u901f\u7387\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u591a\u79cd\u5316\u5b66\u548c\u73af\u5883\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5316\u5b66\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u5149\u5438\u6536\u7279\u6027\u548c\u53cd\u5e94\u6d3b\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u200b\u200b\u592a\u9633\u8f90\u5c04\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff08Lyman\u7b49\uff0c1982\uff09\u3002\u5149\u89e3\u7684\u5149\u5316\u5b66\u673a\u5236\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u5149\u7684\u5438\u6536\u6fc0\u53d1\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684\u7535\u5b50\uff1b\uff082\uff09\u521d\u7ea7\u5149\u5316\u5b66\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8f6c\u5316\u6216\u9000\u6fc0\u53d1\u53d7\u6fc0\u5206\u5b50\uff1b\uff083\uff09\u6b21\u7ea7\uff08\u201c\u6697\u201d\uff09\u70ed\u53cd\u5e94\u8f6c\u5316\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b65\uff08\u6b65\u9aa42\uff09\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u4f53\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u5149\u89e3\u53d1\u751f\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5149\u5316\u5b66\u6fc0\u53d1\u6001\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u5931\u6d3b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u901a\u8fc7\u8f90\u5c04\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff08\u8367\u5149\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u8dc3\u8fc1\u5230\u57fa\u6001\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u91ca\u653e\u80fd\u91cf\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5\u5149\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e00\u4e9b\u6b8b\u4f59\u7684\u632f\u52a8\u6fc0\u53d1\u80fd\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u78b0\u649e\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8fc5\u901f\u6d88\u5931\u3002\u5f53\u76ee\u6807\u6709\u673a\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684\u6fc0\u53d1\u80fd\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5316\u5b66\u7269\u8d28\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u5149\u5316\u5b66\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u731d\u706d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u901a\u8fc7\u80fd\u91cf\u8f6c\u79fb\u5bfc\u81f4\u76ee\u6807\u6709\u673a\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u51c0\u5931\u6d3b\u3002\u80fd\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u4f4e\u4e09\u91cd\u6001\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u7269\u8d28\u3002\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u4e14\u6709\u6548\u7684\u731d\u706d\u5242\uff08\u53d7\u4f53\uff09\u662f\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u4e2d\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5316\u5b66\u7269\u8d28\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53d7\u4f53\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5c06\u7279\u5b9a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u5149\u89e3\u964d\u89e3\u901f\u7387\u964d\u4f4e\u5230\u9884\u671f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u95f4\u63a5\u5149\u89e3\u6216\u654f\u5316\u5149\u89e3\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u5b50\u6355\u83b7\uff08\u5438\u6536\uff09\u7684\u5149\u80fd\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u6709\u673a\u5206\u5b50\u4e0a\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f9b\u4f53\u7269\u8d28\uff08\u654f\u5316\u5242\uff09\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u53d1\u751f\u51c0\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u4f46\u5177\u6709\u50ac\u5316\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u654f\u5316\u5206\u5b50\u5c06\u5176\u80fd\u91cf\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u53d7\u4f53\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u6982\u7387\u4e0e\u4e24\u79cd\u5316\u5b66\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u6d53\u5ea6\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u654f\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\u63d0\u9ad8\u5404\u7ec4\u5206\u7684\u5149\u89e3\u901f\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5e9f\u6c34\u5904\u7406\u4e0e\u56de\u7528\u2014\u2014\u6280\u672f\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6559\u8bad
\n3.3.5 \u5149\u89e3\u4f5c\u7528
\n\u5149\u89e3\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u6307\u5316\u5b66\u7269\u8d28\u7531\u4e8e\u5149\u7684\u8f90\u5c04\u80fd\u800c\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u975e\u751f\u7269\u964d\u89e3\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u964d\u89e3\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\uff08\u76f4\u63a5\u5149\u89e3\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u7531\u5176\u4ed6\u5438\u5149\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\uff08\u95f4\u63a5\u5149\u89e3\uff09\u3002\u5728\u6c34\u9762\u9644\u8fd1\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5149\u89e3\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00\u7ea7\u65b9\u7a0b\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u5176\u4e2dk pho,dir<\/sub> [1\/T] \u4e3a\u4e00\u7ea7\u5149\u964d\u89e3\u901f\u7387\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u5149\u5f3a\u5ea6\u548c\u6ce2\u957f\u7b49\u5176\u4ed6\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u6c34\u548c\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u7684\u95f4\u63a5\u5149\u964d\u89e3\u662f\u7531\u5149\u5438\u6536\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\uff0c\u8be5\u53cd\u5e94\u4f1a\u751f\u6210\u5404\u79cd\u6d3b\u6027\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7f9f\u57fa\u81ea\u7531\u57fa (OH-freeze)\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5176\u6570\u5b66\u63cf\u8ff0\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6d3b\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u6d53\u5ea6C rs<\/sub> [M] \u53ca\u5176\u4e0e\u76ee\u6807\u5316\u5408\u7269 (CEC) \u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u901f\u7387k pho,ind<\/sub>
\n\u5728\u7b80\u5316\u7684\u516c\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd1\u5730\u8868\u5149\u89e3\u901f\u7387\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u4f30\u7b97\u6574\u4e2a\u6c34\u67f1\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u5149\u89e3\u901f\u7387\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u516c\u5f0f(11) \u548c (12)\u7684\u6e05\u6670\u6570\u5b66\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u53c2\u9605 Schwarzenbach \u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u6587\u732e 72<\/sup> \u3002\u76f4\u63a5\u5149\u89e3\u548c\u95f4\u63a5\u5149\u89e3\u4e5f\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u571f\u58e4\u8868\u5c42\u548c\u4f5c\u7269\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u53f6\u7247\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53d7\u5230\u4f5c\u7269\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u571f\u58e4\u57fa\u8d28\u590d\u6742\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002Balmer \u7b49\u4eba 103<\/sup>\u548c Katagi 104<\/sup>\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5168\u9762\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7cfb\u5217\u4e1b\u4e66
\n2020\u5e74\uff0c\u300a\u5316\u5b66\u6c61\u67d3\u3001\u73af\u5883\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u4fdd\u62a4\u8fdb\u5c55\u300b
\n\u91cc\u5361\u591a\u00b7
\n\u5fb7\u5229\u00b7\u5b54\u5e15\u5c3c
\n, …
\n\u66fc\u52aa\u57c3\u62c9\u00b7
\n\u5b89\u4e1c\u5185\u5229
\n\u7ae0<\/p>\n

\u785d\u57fa\u82ef
\n\u73af\u5883\u6301\u4e45\u6027
\n\u785d\u57fa\u82ef\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u5149\u89e3\u548c\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u964d\u89e3\u4e24\u79cd\u9014\u5f84\u964d\u89e3\u3002\u785d\u57fa\u82ef\u8fdb\u5165\u7a7a\u6c14\u540e\uff0c\u4f1a\u5206\u89e3\u6210\u90bb\u785d\u57fa\u82ef\u915a\u3001\u5bf9\u785d\u57fa\u82ef\u915a\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e9a\u785d\u57fa\u82ef\u7b49\u5176\u4ed6\u5316\u5b66\u7269\u8d28\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u785d\u57fa\u82ef\u7684\u5bc6\u5ea6\u9ad8\u4e8e\u7a7a\u6c14\uff0c\u5176\u84b8\u6c14\u6c89\u964d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u785d\u57fa\u82ef\u53bb\u9664\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u785d\u57fa\u82ef\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u548c\u6c34\u4e2d\u7684\u5149\u964d\u89e3\u901f\u5ea6\u8f83\u6162\u3002\u5728\u6c34\u4f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5149\u89e3\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u6700\u5feb\u7684\u964d\u89e3\u9014\u5f84\uff0c\u800c\u95f4\u63a5\u5149\u89e3\uff08\u7f9f\u57fa\u81ea\u7531\u57fa\u3001\u6c22\u539f\u5b50\u6216\u6c34\u5408\u7535\u5b50\u7684\u5149\u6c27\u5316\u4f5c\u7528\uff09\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u8f83\u5c0f\u3002\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u6c34\u4f53\u548c\u571f\u58e4\u4e2d\u7684\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u4e5f\u80fd\u5206\u89e3\u785d\u57fa\u82ef\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u8f6c\u5316
\n4.1 \u5149\u5316\u5b66
\n\u5149\u89e3\uff08\u4e5f\u79f0\u5149\u79bb\u89e3\u6216\u5149\u5206\u89e3\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u65e0\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u7269\u8d28\uff08\u6216\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u7269\u8d28\uff09\u5728\u5149\u5b50\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\u53d1\u751f\u5206\u89e3\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u5149\u5b50\u4e0e\u76ee\u6807\u5206\u5b50\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5149\u89e3\u53cd\u5e94\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u53ef\u89c1\u5149\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u80fd\u91cf\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u5149\u5b50\u90fd\u80fd\u5f15\u8d77\u5316\u5b66\u7269\u8d28\u65e0\u673a\u952e\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5149\u5b50\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u4e0e\u5176\u6ce2\u957f\u6210\u53cd\u6bd4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u80fd\u91cf\u4e0e\u53ef\u89c1\u5149\u76f8\u5f53\u6216\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u7535\u78c1\u6ce2\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7d2b\u5916\u7ebf\u3001X\u5c04\u7ebf\u548c\u4f3d\u9a6c\u5c04\u7ebf\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u5f15\u53d1\u5149\u89e3\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5149\u89e3\u4e0d\u5e94\u4e0e\u5149\u5408\u4f5c\u7528\u6df7\u6dc6\u3002\u5149\u5408\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u5728\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\uff08\u751f\u547d\u5316\u5b66\uff09\u4e2d\u5408\u6210\u5929\u7136\u5316\u5b66\u7269\u8d28\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u7269\u8d28\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5149\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u9700\u8981\u539f\u5b50\u6216\u5206\u5b50\u5438\u6536\u4e00\u4e2a\u5149\u5b50\u6240\u643a\u5e26\u7684\u5149\u80fd\u91cf\u5b50\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u53cd\u5e94\u4f1a\u4f7f\u539f\u5b50\u6216\u5206\u5b50\u8fdb\u5165\u77ac\u6001\u6fc0\u53d1\u6001\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6539\u53d8\u5176\u7269\u7406\u548c\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u53d7\u6fc0\u53d1\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5f62\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u6216\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5206\u5b50\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u7535\u5b50\u3001\u539f\u5b50\u3001\u8d28\u5b50\u6216\u6fc0\u53d1\u80fd\u8f6c\u79fb\u7ed9\u5176\u4ed6\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u5f15\u53d1\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u94fe\u5f0f\u53cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u53cd\u5e94\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u539f\u5b50\u6216\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u4f1a\u9ad8\u4e8e\u5176\u6b63\u5e38\u6c34\u5e73\u2014\u2014\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u539f\u5b50\u6216\u5206\u5b50\u5904\u4e8e\u6fc0\u53d1\u6001\uff08\u6216\u6d3b\u5316\u6001\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5438\u6536\u4e86\u4e00\u91cf\u5b50\u53ef\u89c1\u5149\u6216\u7d2b\u5916\u5149\uff0c\u5219\u539f\u5b50\u6216\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u5904\u4e8e\u8f83\u4f4e\u80fd\u7ea7\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u4f1a\u88ab\u6fc0\u53d1\u5230\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u80fd\u7ea7\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5206\u5b50\u5438\u6536\u4e86\u7ea2\u5916\u8f90\u5c04\uff0c\u5219\u6fc0\u53d1\u80fd\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u5728\u6700\u521d\u5438\u6536\u4e00\u91cf\u5b50\u80fd\u91cf\u540e\uff0c\u53d7\u6fc0\u5206\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u751f\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u521d\u7ea7\u5149\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u521d\u7ea7\u53cd\u5e94\u4e4b\u540e\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u6b21\u7ea7\u53cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5438\u6536\u6b65\u9aa4\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\uff1a\u5206\u5b50 M \u5438\u6536\u9002\u5f53\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u5149\u91cf\u5b50\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u6fc0\u53d1\u6001\u5206\u5b50 M\u2217\uff0c\u7136\u540e M\u2217 \u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u53cd\u5e94\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4ea7\u7269\uff1a<\/p>\n

M + \u5149\u80fd\uff0ch\u03bd \u2192 M\u2217
\nM\u2217 \u2192 M + \u5149\uff08\u53d1\u5149\uff09
\nM\u2217 + C \u2192 M + C\u2217\uff08\u80fd\u91cf\u8f6c\u79fb\uff09
\nM\u2217 \u2192 M + + e \u2212 (\u5149\u7535\u79bb)
\nM\u2217 \u2192 A + B\uff08\u5149\u89e3\u79bb\uff09
\nM\u2217 \u2192 N\uff08\u91cd\u6392\uff09
\nM\u2217 + C \u2192 \u4ea7\u7269\uff08\u53cd\u5e94\uff09
\n\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5149\u89e3\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n

X + h\u03bd \u2192 Y + Z
\n\u53cd\u5e94\u901f\u7387\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u2212d\/dt[X] = d\/dt[Y] = d\/dt[Z] = k[X]
\nK \u662f\u8be5\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u5149\u89e3\u901f\u7387\u5e38\u6570\uff0c\u5355\u4f4d\u4e3a s \u22121\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5149\u89e3\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5316\u5b66\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5149\u80fd\uff08\u76f4\u63a5\u5149\u89e3\uff09\u6216\u8f90\u5c04\u80fd\uff08\u95f4\u63a5\u5149\u89e3\uff09\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u5316\u5b66\u952e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5316\u5b66\u952e\u65ad\u88c2\u3002\u5149\u89e3\u901f\u7387\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u591a\u79cd\u5316\u5b66\u548c\u73af\u5883\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5316\u5b66\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u5149\u5438\u6536\u7279\u6027\u548c\u53cd\u5e94\u6d3b\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u200b\u200b\u592a\u9633\u8f90\u5c04\u5f3a\u5ea6\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5149\u89e3\u7684\u5149\u5316\u5b66\u673a\u5236\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u3002stages: (1) the adsorption of light which excites electrons in the molecule, (2) the primary photochemical processes which transform or deexcite the excited molecule, and (3) the secondary (\u201cdark\u201d) thermal reactions which transform the intermediates produced in the previous step (step 2).<\/p>\n

An example of a secondary photochemical reaction in the atmosphere is the dissociation of a molecule into radicals (unstable fragments of molecules). The secondary process may involve a chain reaction, which is a process in which a reactive radical attacks a molecule to produce another unstable radical. This new radical can now attack another molecule, thereby reforming the original radical, which can now begin a new cycle of events.<\/p>\n

A well-known example of a chain reaction is the hydrogen\u2013chlorine reaction in which hydrogen and chlorine gases (in the presence of ultraviolet light) form hydrogen chloride; it is given by<\/p>\n

Cl2 + h\u03bd \u2192 2Cl\u6839\u53f7\u70b9
\nCl\u6839\u53f7\u70b9 + H2 \u2192 HCl + H\u6839\u53f7\u70b9
\nH\u6839\u53f7\u70b9 + Cl2 \u2192 HCl + Cl\u6839\u53f7\u70b9
\nIndirect photolysis or sensitized photolysis occurs when the light energy captured (absorbed) by one molecule is transferred to the inorganic molecule of concern. The donor species (the sensitizer) undergoes no net reaction in the process but has an essentially catalytic effect. Moreover, the probability of a sensitized molecule donating its energy to an acceptor molecule is proportional to the concentration of both chemical species. Thus, complex mixtures may, in some cases, produce enhancement of photolysis rates of individual constituents through sensitized reactions.<\/p>\n

There are two fundamental principles (sometimes referred to as the first law of photochemistry and the second law of photochemistry) are the foundation for understanding photochemical transformations: (1) light must be absorbed by a compound in order for a photochemical reaction to take place, and (2) for each photon of light absorbed by a chemical system, only one molecule is activated for subsequent reaction, sometime referred to as the photo-equivalence law.<\/p>\n

The efficiency with which a photochemical process occurs is given by the quantum yield (\u03a6) which is the number of moles of a stated reactant disappearing, or the number of moles of a stated product produced, per mole of photons of monochromatic light absorbed:<\/p>\n

Quantum yield, \u03a6 = (product molecules)\/(photons absorbed)
\nSince many photochemical reactions are complex, and may compete with unproductive energy loss, the quantum yield is usually specified for a particular reaction. As an example, the irradiation of acetone with 313 nm light (3130 \u00c5) gives a complex mixture of products, as shown in the following diagram:<\/p>\n

Sign in to download full-size image
\nThe quantum yield of these products is less than 0.2, indicating there are radiative (fluorescence and phosphorescence) and nonradiative return pathways. The primary photochemical reaction is the homolytic cleavage of a carbon\u2013carbon bond shown in the top equation in which the asterisk represents an electronic excited state.<\/p>\n

The molecule in the excited state (that is, CH3COCH3\u2217) may return to its initial state according to any of three physical processes: (1) the molecule can release its excitation energy by emitting luminescent radiation through fluorescence or phosphorescence, (2) the molecule may transfer its energy to some other molecule with which it collides, without emitting light, in which the energy transfer process results in a normal molecule and an excited molecule, and (3) within the molecule, as a result of the initial light absorption step, an electron (e\u2212) may absorb so much energy that it may escape from the molecule, leaving behind a positive molecular ion as a result of a process known as photoionization. If the excited species M\u2217 (molecule or atom) does react, then it may undergo any of the following chemical processes: photodissociation, intramolecular (or internal) rearrangement, and reaction with another molecule. Photodissociation may result when the excited molecule breaks apart into atomic and\/or molecular fragments. A rearrangement reaction (or photoisomerization reaction) involves the conversion of molecule the into an isomer, which has same numbers and types of atoms but with a different structural arrangement of the atoms.<\/p>\n

If the primary photochemical process involves the dissociation of a molecule into radicals (unstable fragments of molecules), then the secondary process may involve a chain reaction. A chain reaction is a cyclic process whereby a reactive radical attacks a molecule to produce another unstable radical. This new radical can now attack another molecule, thereby reforming the original radical, which can now begin a new cycle of events. The hydrogen\u2013chlorine reaction is an example of a chain reaction.<\/p>\n

\u5149\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u901f\u7387\u51b3\u5b9a\u6b65\u9aa4\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u80fd\u591f\u4e0e\u53cd\u5e94\u7269\u53d1\u751f\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u5149\u5b50\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u6b63\u5348\u65f6\u5206\uff0c\u592a\u9633\u4f4d\u4e8e\u6700\u9ad8\u70b9\uff0c\u5149\u7ebf\u7a7f\u8fc7\u7684\u5927\u6c14\u5c42\u6700\u8584\uff0c\u5230\u8fbe\u5730\u9762\u6240\u9700\u7a7f\u8fc7\u7684\u5927\u6c14\u5c42\u6700\u5c11\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u88ab\u81ed\u6c27\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6389\u7684\u5149\u5b50\u6570\u91cf\u8f83\u5c11\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5149\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u6e05\u6668\u548c\u508d\u665a\uff0c\u592a\u9633\u89d2\u5ea6\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u5149\u7ebf\u9700\u8981\u7a7f\u8fc7\u66f4\u539a\u7684\u5927\u6c14\u5c42\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5149\u5b50\u88ab\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6389\u3002\u5149\u5316\u5b66\u964d\u89e3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u968f\u6e29\u5ea6\u5347\u9ad8\u800c\u52a0\u901f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6700\u5927\u964d\u89e3\u901f\u7387\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u6b63\u5348\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6709\u4e9b\u5316\u5b66\u7269\u8d28\u4e0d\u6613\u53d1\u751f\u5149\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u5149\u964d\u89e3\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u53cd\u5e94\u6240\u9700\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u6ce2\u957f\u7684\u5149\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u5f53\u5206\u5b50\u88ab\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u7684\u56fa\u4f53\u9897\u7c92\u5438\u9644\u65f6\uff0c\u5206\u5b50\u4e0e\u8868\u9762\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u5206\u5b50\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u952e\u5408\u5f3a\u5ea6\u3002\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u964d\u89e3\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5438\u6536\u6ce2\u957f\u3002\u9897\u7c92\u7269\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5149\u89e3\u4ea7\u751f\u8d1f\u9762\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u7684\u9897\u7c92\u4f1a\u6563\u5c04\u5149\u7ebf\uff0c\u963b\u6b62\u5149\u5b50\u5230\u8fbe\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u51cf\u5c11\u4e2d\u95f4\u81ea\u7531\u57fa\u7684\u751f\u6210\u91cf\uff0c\u5e76\u964d\u4f4e\u76f4\u63a5\u88ab\u5149\u964d\u89e3\u7684\u519c\u836f\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5149\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u57fa\u53cd\u5e94\u662f\u5927\u6c14\u4e2d\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u964d\u89e3\u9014\u5f84\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e86\u89e3\u751f\u6210\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5149\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u751f\u6210\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4\u6bcd\u4f53\u5316\u5408\u7269\u6bd2\u6027\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd2\u6027\u66f4\u5c0f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u519c\u836f\u964d\u89e3\u540e\uff0c\u5316\u5b66\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u53bb\u9664\u9014\u5f84\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u4ece\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u6c89\u6dc0\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u5730\u8868\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u53bb\u9664\u9014\u5f84\u662f\u4ea7\u7269\u6eb6\u89e3\u4e8e\u96e8\u6c34\u4e2d\u5e76\u964d\u843d\u5230\u5730\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n

\u805a\u5408\u7269\u53cd\u5e94
\n21.5 \u8f90\u5c04\u548c\u5316\u5b66\u5904\u7406\u7684\u5f71\u54cd
\n\u7d2b\u5916\u5149\u548c\u03b3\u5c04\u7ebf\u7167\u5c04\u805a\u5408\u7269\u7684\u5149\u89e3\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u81ea\u7531\u57fa\u548c\/\u6216\u79bb\u5b50\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7269\u8d28\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u805a\u5408\u7269\u94fe\u65ad\u88c2\u548c\u4ea4\u8054\u3002\u6c27\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\u4e5f\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u4f7f\u60c5\u51b5\u66f4\u52a0\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5149\u7167\u901a\u5e38\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u6709\u6c27\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u3002\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u805a\u5408\u7269\u7684\u751f\u7269\u964d\u89e3\u654f\u611f\u6027\u3002\u6700\u521d\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u9884\u671f\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u964d\u89e3\u901f\u7387\u4f1a\u52a0\u5feb\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u65ad\u88c2\u7684\u805a\u5408\u7269\u88ab\u6d88\u8017\u6b86\u5c3d\uff0c\u800c\u4ea4\u8054\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u964d\u89e3\u901f\u7387\u5219\u4f1a\u51cf\u6162\u3002\u4e00\u9879\u5173\u4e8e\u7d2b\u5916\u5149\u7167\u5c04\u5bf9\u53ef\u6c34\u89e3\u805a\u5408\u7269\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002 140<\/sup>\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5730\uff0c\u805a\u70ef\u70c3\u7684\u5149\u6c27\u5316\u4f5c\u7528\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4fc3\u8fdb\uff08\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7565\u5fae\u4fc3\u8fdb\uff09\u751f\u7269\u964d\u89e3\u3002 141,142<\/sup>\u7fb0\u57fa\u548c\u916f\u57fa\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u662f\u9020\u6210\u8fd9\u79cd\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u524d\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u53d1\u51fa\u5236\u5907\u542b\u7fb0\u57fa\u70ef\u70c3\u5171\u805a\u7269\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u5728\u964d\u89e3\u524d\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u53d1\u751f\u5149\u89e3\u88c2\u89e3\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5728\u57cb\u85cf\u7684\u6837\u54c1\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e24\u5e74\u5185\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u964d\u89e3\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u9664\u975e\u80fd\u591f\u5efa\u7acb\u9884\u5149\u89e3\u88c5\u7f6e\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5851\u6599\u5e9f\u5f03\u7269\u5904\u7406\u95ee\u9898\u4f9d\u7136\u4e25\u5cfb\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u9633\u5149\u7167\u5c04\u4e0b\uff0c\u9732\u5929\u5904\u7f6e\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d6\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b63\u5982\u9884\u671f\uff0c\u03b3\u5c04\u7ebf\u8f90\u7167\u663e\u8457\u5f71\u54cd\u805a\u916f\u7684\u4f53\u5916\u964d\u89e3\u901f\u7387\u3002 143,144<\/sup>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u805a\u4e59\u9187\u9178\u548c\u805a\uff08\u4e59\u9187\u9178-\u5171-\u4e19\u4ea4\u916f\uff09\uff0c\u964d\u89e3\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684pH\u503c\u968f\u7740\u964d\u89e3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u8fdb\u884c\u800c\u964d\u4f4e\u3002\u53d8\u5316\/\u65f6\u95f4\u66f2\u7ebf\u5448S\u5f62\uff0c\u5e76\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u65e9\u671f\u3001\u52a0\u901f\u671f\u548c\u540e\u671f\uff1b\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e0e\u03b3\u5c04\u7ebf\u8f90\u7167\u5242\u91cf\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u589e\u52a0\u8f90\u7167\u5242\u91cf\u4f1a\u7f29\u77ed\u65e9\u671f\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002pH\u503c\u7684\u5267\u70c8\u53d8\u5316\u4e0e\u62c9\u4f38\u65ad\u88c2\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7684\u635f\u5931\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u9176\u4fc3\u964d\u89e3\u548c\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u964d\u89e3\u7684\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5f71\u54cd\u4ecd\u6709\u5f85\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n

\u751f\u7269\u70ad\u5bf9\u519c\u836f\u73af\u5883\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd
\n11.3.3 \u5149\u89e3\u4f5c\u7528
\n\u5149\u89e3\u662f\u5f71\u54cd\u519c\u836f\u5728\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5f52\u8d8b\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u6c34\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u3002\u519c\u836f\u7684\u5149\u8f6c\u5316\u9014\u5f84\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u5438\u6536\u5149\u80fd\u200b\u200b\u76f4\u63a5\u53d1\u751f\u5149\u964d\u89e3\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\u5149\u654f\u5242\u5b58\u5728\u4e0b\u53d1\u751f\u95f4\u63a5\u5149\u964d\u89e3\u3002\u751f\u7269\u70ad\u5bf9\u519c\u836f\u5149\u89e3\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u5907\u53d7\u5173\u6ce8\u3002\u591a\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u70ad\u53ca\u5176\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u6eb6\u89e3\u6027\u6709\u673a\u7269\uff08DOM\uff09\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u5bf9\u5149\u80fd\u7684\u5f3a\u5438\u9644\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u4fc3\u8fdb\u519c\u836f\u7684\u5149\u964d\u89e3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u7ecf\u5149\u7167\u540e\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u70ad\u53ca\u5176\u884d\u751f\u7684DOM\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u66f4\u591a\u6d3b\u6027\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u5e76\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7a33\u5b9a\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u6216\u5149\u654f\u5242\u8f7d\u4f53\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u4f20\u8f93\u901a\u9053\uff08Wang et al., 2019a\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u70ad\u5bf9\u519c\u836f\u548c\u5149\u80fd\u5747\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u5438\u9644\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u8fd9\u7f29\u77ed\u4e86\u519c\u836f\u4e0e\u6d3b\u6027\u7269\u79cd\/\u4f4d\u70b9\uff08\u5982\u7a7a\u7a74\u3001\u2022OH \u548c O\u2082\u207b\u2022\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u519c\u836f\u7684\u5149\u964d\u89e3\uff08Wang et al., 2019a \uff09\u3002Kumar et al. (2017)\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\uff0c\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u9633\u5149\u7167\u5c04\u4e0b\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u70ad\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u5bf9\u7f9f\u57fa\u82ef\u7532\u9178\u7532\u916f\u7684\u964d\u89e3\u7387\uff0897.4%\uff09\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u70ad\u4f53\u7cfb\uff08\u751f\u7269\u70ad\u78b3\u57fa\u8d28\u6216\u751f\u7269\u70ad\u884d\u751f\u7684\u6eb6\u89e3\u6027\u6709\u673a\u7269\uff09\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u592a\u9633\u5149\/\u7d2b\u5916\u7ebf\u7167\u5c04\u4ea7\u751f\u6d3b\u6027\u6c27\u3002Serelis et al. (2021)\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u70ad\u57fa\u8d28\u548c\u751f\u7269\u70ad\u884d\u751f\u7684\u6eb6\u89e3\u6027\u6709\u673a\u7269\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u2022OH \u548c\u5355\u7ebf\u6001\u6c27 ( \u00b9O\u2082 )\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u6c34\u70ed\u70ad\u884d\u751f\u7684\u6eb6\u89e3\u6027\u6709\u673a\u7269\u6bd4\u70ed\u89e3\u70ad\u884d\u751f\u7684\u6eb6\u89e3\u6027\u6709\u673a\u7269\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u5149\u8fc7\u6ee4\u4f5c\u7528\u3002Zhang et al. Zhang et al. (2020)\u8fd8\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u70ad-DOM \u7684\u82b3\u9999\u6027\u548c\u5206\u5b50\u91cf\u5728\u7d2b\u5916\u5149\u7167\u5c04\u540e\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u4e14\u5728\u751f\u7269\u70ad\u884d\u751f\u7684 DOM \u5b58\u5728\u4e0b\uff0c\u5421\u866b\u5549\u7684\u5149\u964d\u89e3\u663e\u8457\u589e\u5f3a\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u5149\u76f4\u63a5\u964d\u89e3\u5916\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u70ad\u901a\u8fc7 DOM \u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5355\u7ebf\u6001\u6c27(\u00b9O\u2082 )\u5bf9\u519c\u836f\u7684\u95f4\u63a5\u964d\u89e3\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u6761\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u9014\u5f84 ( Zhang et al., 2020 )\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u592a\u9633\u5149\/\u7d2b\u5916\u5149\u7167\u5c04\u4e0b\uff0c\u2022OH\u3001O\u2082\u207b \u2022\u548c\u5355\u7ebf\u6001\u6c27 ( \u00b9O\u2082 )\u662f\u751f\u7269\u70ad\u5b58\u5728\u4e0b\u519c\u836f\u5149\u964d\u89e3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6d3b\u6027\u6c27\u7269\u79cd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e66
\n\u751f\u7269\u70ad\u5728\u519c\u4e1a\u4e2d\u5bf9\u5b9e\u73b0\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u4f5c\u7528
\n2022\u5e74\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u70ad\u5728\u519c\u4e1a\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u53ca\u5176\u5bf9\u5b9e\u73b0\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u5f71\u54cd
\n\u5f20\u9e4f, …\u5b59\u5b8f\u6587
\n\u200b
\n\u7ae0<\/p>\n

\u6570\u503c\u6a21\u578b | \u5316\u5b66\u6a21\u578b
\n\u5149\u89e3\u901f\u7387\u7cfb\u6570
\n\u5149\u89e3\u901f\u7387\u7cfb\u6570\uff08\u6216\u5149\u89e3\u79bb\u9891\u7387\uff09J\u662f\u53cd\u5e94[II]\u6240\u793a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u4e00\u7ea7\u901f\u7387\u5e38\u6570\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dh\u662f\u666e\u6717\u514b\u5e38\u6570\uff0c\u03bd\u662f\u8f90\u5c04\u9891\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff08\u4e8c\uff09
\nAB
\n+
\nhv
\n\u2192
\n\u4e00\u4e2a
\n+
\nB
\n\u7531\u4e8e\u592a\u9633\u8f90\u5c04\u662f\u5927\u6c14\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u9a71\u52a8\u529b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u51c6\u786e\u8ba1\u7b97J\u901f\u7387\u662f\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7269\u79cd AB \u7684\u5149\u89e3\u901f\u7387\u7cfb\u6570 ( J AB ) \u7531\u516c\u5f0f[2]\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f97\u51fa\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dI ( \u03bb, z ) \u662f\u5927\u6c14\u4e2d\u6ce2\u957f\u4e3a\u03bb\u3001\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3az \u7684\u5149\u5b50\u901a\u91cf\uff0c \u03c3\u662f\u5438\u6536\u622a\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff082\uff09
\nJ
\n\u4e00\u4e2a
\nB
\n\uff08
\nz
\n\uff09
\n=
\n\u222b
\n\u6211
\n\uff08
\n\u03bb
\n\uff0c
\nz
\n\uff09
\n\u03c3
\nAB
\n\uff08
\n\u03bb
\n\uff09
\nd
\n\u03bb
\n\u5728\u5927\u6c14\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u65b9\u7a0b[2]\u7684\u6c42\u89e3\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5c06\u6ce2\u957f\u79ef\u5206\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u79bb\u6563\u6ce2\u957f\u533a\u95f4\u6c42\u548c\u3002\u4e16\u754c\u6c14\u8c61\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7b2c16\u53f7\u62a5\u544a \u5217\u51fa\u4e86158\u4e2a\u6ce2\u957f\u533a\u95f4\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6175 nm\u81f3850 nm\u7684\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u533a\u95f4\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5e73\u6d41\u5c42-\u5bf9\u6d41\u5c42\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ec5\u5305\u542b\u5bf9\u6d41\u5c42\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8f83\u5c11\u7684\u6ce2\u957f\u533a\u95f4\u4ee5\u8282\u7701\u8ba1\u7b97\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5229\u7528\u5927\u6c14\u5c42\u9876\u90e8\u7684\u5149\u5b50\u901a\u91cf\u548c\u6bd4\u5c14-\u6717\u4f2f\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba1\u7b97\u5927\u6c14\u5c42\u4e2d\u67d0\u4e00\u70b9\u7684\u5149\u5b50\u901a\u91cfI ( \u03bb, z )\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff083\uff09
\n\u6211
\ntr
\n=
\n\u6211
\n0
\n\u7ecf\u9a8c
\n\uff08
\n\u2212
\n\u03b5
\nc
\n\u6211
\n\uff09
\n\u5176\u4e2d\uff0cI\u2080\u4e3a\u5165\u5c04\u8f90\u5c04\uff0cI\u1d62tr\u4e3a\u900f\u5c04\u8f90\u5c04\uff0c\u03b5\u4e3a\u5438\u6536\uff08\u6216\u6d88\u5149\uff09\u7cfb\u6570\uff0cc\u4e3a\u5438\u6536\u4f53\u6d53\u5ea6\uff0cl\u4e3a\u5149\u7a0b\u3002\u9ad8\u5ea6z\u5904\u7684\u8f90\u5c04\u901a\u91cf\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5438\u6536\u6027\u6c14\u4f53\uff08\u4e3b\u8981\u662f O\u2082 \u548c O\u2083\uff09\u7684\u8870\u51cf\u3001\u5206\u5b50\u548c\u6c14\u6eb6\u80f6\u7684\u6563\u5c04\u4ee5\u53ca\u5730\u8868\u548c\u4e91\u7684\u53cd\u5c04\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba1\u7b97J\u7684\u77ac\u65f6\u503c\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba1\u7b97\u65e5\u95f4\u6216 24 \u5c0f\u65f6\u5468\u671f\u5185\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u77ed\u5bff\u547d\u7269\u79cd\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 OH\uff09\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u9700\u8981J\u7684\u77ac\u65f6\u503c\u5e76\u5b9a\u671f\u66f4\u65b0\u624d\u80fd\u91cd\u73b0\u5176\u663c\u591c\u8282\u5f8b\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u8ba1\u7b97\u91cf\u53ef\u80fd\u5f88\u5927\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u957f\u5bff\u547d\u7269\u79cd\u7684\u6a21\u62df\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u65e0\u9700\u663e\u5f0f\u89e3\u6790\u663c\u591c\u8282\u5f8b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u65e5\u5e73\u5747\u6216 24 \u5c0f\u65f6\u5e73\u5747\u7684J\u503c\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u5728\u7ebf\u8ba1\u7b97J\u503c\u4ecd\u7136\u5f88\u8017\u8d39\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u4f7f\u7528\u9884\u5148\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u201c\u67e5\u627e\u8868\u201d\u3002\u6240\u9700\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u7684J\u503c\u901a\u8fc7\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\u8fdb\u884c\u63d2\u503c\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f97\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599
\n\u5927\u6c14\u79d1\u5b66\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u4e66
\n2003\u5e74\uff0c\u300a\u5927\u6c14\u79d1\u5b66\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u4e66\u300b
\nMP
\nChipperfield
\n\u7ae0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u5149\u89e3\u4f5c\u7528 \u7ed3\u8bba \u5149\u89e3\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5149\u654f\u6709\u8272\u5316\u5408\u7269…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6273,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[251],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6271","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-art-all"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tao0.date\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6271","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tao0.date\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tao0.date\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tao0.date\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tao0.date\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6271"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/tao0.date\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6271\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6272,"href":"https:\/\/tao0.date\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6271\/revisions\/6272"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tao0.date\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/6273"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tao0.date\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6271"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tao0.date\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6271"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tao0.date\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6271"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}